As an example, consider 
a person riding a bicycle, with the individual acting like the motor. If see your face tries to trip that bike up a steep hill in a gear that’s created for low rpm, she or he will struggle as
they try to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm which will allow them to climb the hill. However, if indeed they shift the bike’s gears right into a acceleration that will produce a higher rpm, the rider will have
a much easier period of it. A constant force can be applied with even rotation being provided. The same logic applies for industrial applications that require lower speeds while maintaining necessary
torque.
• Inertia coordinating. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque in accordance with frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, light-weight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they want to move. Using a gearhead to better match the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the load allows for using a smaller electric motor and results in a more responsive system that’s easier to tune. Again, this is achieved through the gearhead’s ratio, where the reflected inertia of the load to the motor is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the measure of an object’s level of resistance to change in its movement and its function of the object’s mass and shape. The greater an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the thing. This means that when the strain inertia is much larger than the engine inertia, sometimes it can cause excessive overshoot or enhance settling times. Both circumstances can decrease production range throughput.
On the other hand, when the electric motor inertia is bigger than the load inertia, the electric motor will need more power than is otherwise necessary for the particular application. This boosts costs because it requires spending more for a motor that’s bigger than necessary, and since the increased power intake requires higher operating costs. The solution is by using a gearhead to complement the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the strain.
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